Dental age estimation of young subjects with unilateral palatally displaced canine teeth.

INTRODUCTION: Delayed tooth eruption is often seen in patients with palatally displaced canines (PDC), but there is controversy over whether tooth formation is also delayed. This study attempts to elucidate the answer by addressing methodological shortcomings in previous studies. METHODS: Archived records were searched, and 100 patients (aged 8-16 years) with unilateral PDC were identified. Records of 50 women and 50 men were matched for age and sex with unaffected controls. The exclusion criteria included hypodontia. Dental age (DA) was calculated using the population-specific Maltese database and subtracted from the chronological age (CA). Nonparametric tests were used to compare CA-DA in patients with PDC and controls to determine the DA of end-of-series teeth. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference with CA-DA between patients with PDC and controls was found. In addition, there were no particular teeth significantly delayed in development. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral PDC does not affect dental developmental age, and the end-of-series teeth investigated show no delay in development.

Clinical experience with insulin detemir, biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes: Results from the Eastern Saudi Arabia cohort of the A1chieve study.

BACKGROUND: The A1chieve, a multicentric (28 countries), 24-week, non-interventional study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir, biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with T2DM (n = 66,726) in routine clinical care across four continents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected at baseline, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks. This short communication presents the results for patients enrolled from Eastern Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: A total of 1040 patients were enrolled in the study. Four different insulin analogue regimens were used in the study. Study patients had started on or were switched to biphasic insulin aspart (n = 489), insulin detemir (n = 360), insulin aspart (n = 37), basal insulin plus insulin aspart (n = 96) and other insulin combinations (n = 57). At baseline glycaemic control was poor for both insulin naïve (mean HbA1c: 10.0%) and insulin user (mean HbA1c: 9.2%) groups. After 24 weeks of treatment, both the groups showed improvement in HbA1c (insulin naïve: -2.7%, insulin users: -1.7%). No major hypoglycaemic episodes were observed at 24 weeks. SADR was reported in 0.6% of insulin users. CONCLUSION: Starting or switching to insulin analogues was associated with improvement in glycaemic control with a low rate of hypoglycaemia.